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Keeling Curve and CO2
Earth and Environmental Sciences

Keeling Curve: The Graph That Proved CO2 Is Rising

The Keeling Curve is a graph of atmospheric CO2 concentrations measured continuously at Mauna Loa Observatory since 1958, the longest unbroken record of...

Tundra Permafrost Melting
Earth and Environmental Sciences

Permafrost Melting: How Thawing Ground Fuels Climate Change

Permafrost thaw is the warming and decomposition of ground frozen for at least two years, releasing stored carbon as the ice binding soil,...

Geothermal Energy Production
Earth and Environmental Sciences

Geothermal Energy Production: How Earth's Heat Becomes Power

Geothermal energy production extracts heat from Earth's interior to generate electricity or supply direct heating, using three plant types and emerging enhanced systems.

Carbon Sequestration Methods
Earth and Environmental Sciences

Carbon Sequestration: How Nature and Technology Store CO2

Carbon sequestration captures and stores atmospheric CO2 in forests, oceans, and underground formations. Learn how natural and engineered methods work.

Ovoid planet orbiting a remote pulsar.
Space and astronomyScience Explorer

Exoplanet Carbon Atmosphere Defies All Formation Theories

Webb observed a lemon-shaped world with pure molecular carbon in its atmosphere. No known process can explain how it formed.